Gender Pay Gap at St. Andrews
Georgia outlines the significant gender pay gap present within St. Andrews.
On a Monday morning in mid-October students and staff here in St. Andrews received an email from our principal, Sally Mapstone. This email delineated the gender pay gap within St Andrews University.
Specifically, “The University of St Andrews has published information on Gender pay by salary band since 2013, in line with the 2012 Scottish Specific Duties under the 2010 Equalities Act, as part of the biennial Equality Mainstreaming Reports.”
Available both on a University website and a website dedicated to this information by the British Government, the data shows that there is a significant difference in mean and median hourly rates between men and women staff members of St Andrews.
A women staff member’s mean hourly rate at St Andrews is 23.3% lower than a man’s while her median hourly rate is 18.9% lower than a man’s. This difference is largely due to the lack of women in higher paid jobs. Split into four quartiles, the highest wage quartile has only 36.1% women in it while the lowest quartile is comprised of 64.3% women. The upper middle quartile and lower middle quartile are a little more evenly distributed with 49.3% and 56.2% women fulfilling those positions, respectively.
Using the government’s website documenting this data, it is evident to see that St Andrews is relatively average amongst other British universities regarding the gender pay gap. For example, women’s mean hourly rate at Cambridge is 19.6% lower than men’s while the median hourly rate is15% lower. Additionally, women at Durham have an average hourly rate that is 25.4% lower than men’s and the mean hourly rate for women at Kings College London is 19.5% lower than men’s.
As a country, Britain’s gender pay gap is higher than the European average with an unadjusted pay gap of 21%, which is higher than the average European gap pf 16.2%. Estonia has the highest at 25.3% and the lowest is in Romania at 5.2%.
Principal Sally Mapstone stated in her email that the University had released this information so that, “that our whole our community can see where challenge and unfairness may persist, and so that as a community we can debate how we think the gender pay gap can be effectively addressed.”
She continued to state that, “Gender equality is a critical driver for excellence, innovation, and growth; and gender pay gap figures provide a tangible measure over time of how an institution engages with gender equality in the workplace.”
In order to further evaluate this issue, a Gender Pay Gap Working Group has been established with the local trade unions and the Principal urges any comments regarding the report be brought to the group for discussion.
This report has been brought forward in accordance with Scottish law, but it is also a step towards transparency in a current political climate wrought with gender issues debates and disagreements that reflects well on the University.
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Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Validation and its Strict Standards
COSC, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the official Switzerland testing agency that verifies the accuracy and accuracy of wristwatches. COSC validation is a sign of superior craftsmanship and trustworthiness in chronometry. Not all timepiece brands follow COSC validation, such as Hublot, which instead follows to its own strict criteria with movements like the UNICO, reaching equivalent precision.
The Art of Precision Chronometry
The core system of a mechanical timepiece involves the spring, which supplies energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be vulnerable to environmental factors that may influence its precision. COSC-certified movements undergo strict testing—over fifteen days in various circumstances (five positions, 3 temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and reliability. The tests evaluate:
Average daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 seconds.
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Why COSC Accreditation Is Important
For watch fans and collectors, a COSC-validated timepiece isn’t just a piece of tech but a demonstration to lasting quality and precision. It represents a watch that:
Provides outstanding dependability and accuracy.
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Is likely to retain its value better, making it a wise investment.
Famous Timepiece Brands
Several renowned brands prioritize COSC accreditation for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Record and Soul, which showcase COSC-accredited movements equipped with advanced materials like silicone balance suspensions to improve durability and performance.
Historic Background and the Evolution of Timepieces
The concept of the chronometer originates back to the requirement for precise chronometry for navigation at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the 18th century. Since the official foundation of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the accreditation has become a yardstick for judging the accuracy of high-end watches, maintaining a legacy of excellence in watchmaking.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-certified timepiece is more than an aesthetic choice; it’s a dedication to excellence and precision. For those appreciating precision above all, the COSC certification provides tranquility of thoughts, ensuring that each validated timepiece will operate dependably under various conditions. Whether for personal satisfaction or as an investment decision, COSC-certified watches distinguish themselves in the world of horology, carrying on a tradition of precise timekeeping.
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